'Defeat of the French at the Devil's Bridge by Suvorov'
Robert Ker Porter“In 1799, the Russian tsar ordered a victorious general to withdraw from the battlefields in Italy and head for Switzerland to fight the French. This general was Alexander Suvorov. The dramatic campaign that he fought in the Swiss Alps soon became the stuff of legends that lives on today,” is how a Swiss museum introduces an exhibition about the Russian commander on its site.
At the time, Russia joined hands with Austria and Britain to combat French revolutionary armies that were subjugating one country after another on the continent. In Italy, Suvorov who never lost a single battle several times defeated the French,
Alexander Suvorov
Vladimir Boiko/Global Look PressSuvorov and his 20,000 troops began by battling their way to the St. Gotthard Pass where they managed to defeat the French. But they faced a major challenged when they came to the so-called Devil’s Bridge (Teufelsbruecke), which is very narrow and spans a rapid mountain river. The bridge had also been severely damaged by the French.
'Suvorov Crossing the Devil's Bridge'
Alexander Kotzebue/Wikipedia“But this does not stop the victors. Officers [find planks] and tie them with scarfs, and soldiers run [on the bridge] coming down from the peaks to the abyss to reach the enemy and defeat him everywhere,” Suvorov later wrote to Emperor Paul I. The planks had been taken from a nearby barn.
When the Russian troops, hungry, frozen and bleeding after crossing the bridge under French fire, arrived at the place named Altdorf another surprise awaited them. There was no road further, but only two mountain trails that today one needs special equipment to cross. Suvorov blamed his Austrian allies for not telling him anything about the route.
The exhausted army had to cross a pass that was 2,000 meters in altitude, all the while resisting French attacks on their rear.
“One had to have an iron will to make the decision to go from Altdorf. To take that route required having unlimited faith in the troops,” later wrote Russian Imperial Defense Minister Dmitry Milyutin.
Many men lost their lives falling off that mountain trail. Many horses and much ammunition were also lost, and just when they thought they had achieved the impossible and reached their destination, the Muotathal Valley, another stroke of misfortune awaited. The Russians were defeated by the French after the main part of the Austrian army had abandoned them. Suvorov had nowhere to go. And that was not all: his regiments was surrounded in the valley by the more numerous troops of one of Napoleon’s future marshals - Andre Massena
'March of Suvorov through the Alps'
Vasily Surikov/Russian MuseumOn Oct. 1 the bulk of Massena’s army, which was twice the size of the Russian force, launched an attack. The Russian counterattack, however, was quick and so fierce that the French were smashed. Massena himself barely escaped capture by a Russian soldier who took him by the collar and tore off one of his
Suvorov managed to break out of the blockade with 75 percent of his army. Milyutin emphasizes: “That unlucky campaign brought more glory to the Russian army than the greatest victory.”
“I would trade all my victories for Suvorov’s Swiss campaign,” confessed Massena (link in Russian).
Today, there are six museums along the route of Suvorov’s march in Switzerland.
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