Literary Crimea: In the footsteps of Russia’s most famous writers

Each summer in the early 20th century Crimea turned into a peninsula with an outsized concentration of Russian intelligentsia, bohemians, artists and writers. Those that enjoy collecting autographs could have put together an impressive collection by simply meandering around local beaches. The only thing necessary to know would have been where these famous writers and poets spent their time.

Today these artists’ apartments, dachas and even temporary accommodations have become museums that are marked on all tourist maps. Among them I managed to find a few places where it is possible to perceive how these literary greats actually lived. To both my friends and RBTH readers I recommend these three main Crimean sights where there is enough inspiration for everyone that wants to find it.
 

Yalta: Anton Chekhov's dacha

Chekhov's dacha in Yalta, 2015. Photo credit: Alamy/Legion-Media 

The first time that Anton Chekhov felt ill was in district court where he worked as a reporter for the “Peterburgskaya Gazeta” newspaper. Chekhov had all of the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis: he had blood in his sputum, a fever and felt weak. However, for some reason he did not attempt to receive any treatment, even though he was not only a writer, but above all, a doctor.

Chekhov had to move to Crimea after his health worsened dramatically. He sold the rights for all of his prose works and with these proceeds built a small villa not far from Yalta (1276 kilometers from Moscow). He planted saplings and flowers around his house and decorated everything according to his taste – modest, yet classy.


A. Chekhov in his house in Yalta, 1901. Photo credit: Ullstein Bild/Vostock-Photo

They say that the writer’s wife Olga Knipper-Chekhova, a famous 20th century stage actress, had a passion for wild parties. However, Chekhov was able to tune out the noise during parties and write his brilliant works in the corner of a crowded living room. However, Chekhov’s wife did not visit him very often. He knew how important the job at the Moscow Art Theater run by Konstantin Stanislavsky and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko was for her and he insisted that she stay in Moscow and keep her job.

Owing to the efforts of the writer’s sister Maria, the interiors of Chekhov’s dacha have kept their original form. In the library where Chekhov wrote “Three Sisters” and “The Cherry Orchard,” plays that are still staged worldwide, it is possible to see the ornate conditions in which he worked. The library contains an antique telephone set, his writing desk and photographs of Leo Tolstoy and other contemporaries of the famous writer.


Anton Chekhov's writing desk in his house in Yalta, 1968. Photo credit: RIA Novosti/A.Givental 

I took a walk through the garden, embraced the big old trees that were planted by this extraordinary man and tears began to flow from my eyes – so emotional was the moment.
 

Koktebel: Maximilian Voloshin's dacha

M. Voloshin's house in Koktebel, 1983. Photo credit: RIA Novosti/S. Prijmak

Up to 600 top creative intellectuals came to symbolist poet Maximilian Voloshin’s dacha in Koktebel (1433 kilometers from Moscow) every summer season. Although he was not a rich man, Voloshin hosted all of them for free. Voloshin’s mother Elena managed housekeeping entirely by herself so that writers and painters could concentrate on their art and not be distracted by anything else.

Here the young poet Marina Tsvetaeva, whose father founded the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow, met her future husband Sergei Efron. Mikhail Bulgakov, whose “A Young Doctor's Notebook” was recently adapted as a miniseries starring Daniel Radcliffe and Jon Hamm, first read his unpublished works at this dacha. In Voloshin’s studio hang portraits of him painted by Diego Rivera, whom he met in Paris.


M. Voloshin in Koktebel, 1926. Photo credit: RIA Novosti 

In bohemian circles Maximilian Voloshin was famous for his singularity: He loved to dress up in ethnic costumes and invent funny rituals for various occasions. One charismatic tour guide from the Voloshin Museum told me that she, too, likes to wear ethnic costumes, as do many of the local residents in Koktebel.
 

Sevastopol: Panorama of a war in which Leo Tolstoy fought

Tolstoy and his daughter Alexandra in Crimea, 1901. Photo credit: Ullstein Bild/Vostock-Photo

The world famous Russian writer Leo Tolstoy participated in the battles of the Crimean War between 1853-1856. This was the largest of all 19th century European military campaigns with France, Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia all fighting in opposition against the Russian Empire.

Tolstoy described the Siege of Sevastopol in 1854-55 in his “Sevastopol Sketches” after witnessing the events himself. The Siege of Sevastopol panorama, a large-scale work of art that depicts those dramatic events can be found in the Defense of Sevastopol Museum.


Photo credit: RIA Novosti 

With time this painting has become one of the city’s most-visited and spectacular attractions. This huge canvas is 115 x 14 meters and shows the heavy fighting of these events that made the idyllic seascapes of Sevastopol unrecognizable. The panorama is enhanced by a 1000 square meter recreation of the 19th-century military fortifications used in this battle. Currently, this is one of the 60 largest panoramas in the world.

Everything that Leo Tolstoy wrote about 150 years ago is somehow magically still in the air of Sevastopol. This is a city with a  heroic atmosphere.

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