Just how superstitious are Russian cosmonauts?

Practical, rational men and women who have overcome the force of gravity don't like to admit that their "customs" are superstitions. After all, they don't regard number 13 as unlucky, do they? But then how else can we describe rituals before, during and after a space flight? "It's just for luck," the conquerors of space reply sternly. So what does a real cosmonaut do "for luck"?

1. Plant a tree

If the launch is scheduled during a month with warm weather, cosmonauts plant a tree beforehand. In the courtyard of the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur there is already a whole avenue of trees planted by both Russian and foreign crews. Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, said that the tree planted by Yuri Gagarin was tended with particular care. Cosmonaut Alexander Misurkin, who was awarded the title of 'Hero of Russia', returned from orbit only a year ago, and in an interview with Russia Beyond he said that it's always a pleasure to plant a tree, or to water one that he has already planted.

2. Visit Baikonur Museum

"After their second spacesuit fitting cosmonauts always come to our museum. It’s usually four or five days before the launch," Antonina Bogdanova, director of the Baikonur Museum, said in an interview with TASS (link in Russian). The custom started in 1983, and since then cosmonauts traditionally come to see the Soviet Buran space shuttle, and to visit the cottage where Gagarin spent the night before his flights, as well as to see the building where legendary spacecraft designer Sergei Korolev worked.

3. Watch the film White Sun of the Desert

"Before launch, we really enjoy watching White Sun of the Desert," says Misurkin. It's believed that Soyuz-12 crew members Vasily Lazarev and Oleg Makarov were the first to watch the film before being blasted into space in 1973. After their successful landing they joked that there had been a third crew member with them in space - Comrade Sukhov (the film's protagonist) - and that he even cheered them up at difficult moments. Since then it‘s believed that the film brings good luck.

Another Hero of Russia, cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin, who has completed five space missions told Russia Beyond about the practical side of watching the film: "Cosmonauts use the movie to learn about camera work. In the past there were no video cameras. There were cameras that used film, but it was impossible to develop it and check the quality of the footage in flight conditions. Cosmonauts had to rapidly sort out the lighting, frame the shot and get the focus right… How to construct sequences, how to alternate close-ups with distance shots, and how to do a face shot - cosmonauts learned all this from watching the movie."

Experienced cosmonauts used to tease newcomers that unless they had watched White Sun of the Desert ten times they weren't ready to go into space. Yurchikhin recalls another story - cosmonauts had to pass a 'test' to show how well they knew the film by answering questions about particular details and reciting quotes from the film.

For example, there is a scene where Vereshchagin [another character in the film] looks with disgust at a large bowl of caviar and asks for a piece of bread. The question is: "What caviar could Vereshchagin not eat?" The answer "black" is not correct; the exact phrase was "I can't eat this damned stuff". Or to answer the question, "What is Sukhov worth?", you have to quote the phrase, "Sukhov, you alone are worth a whole platoon." There were also questions like: "How many buttons did Sukhov's shirt have?" or "What pistol did Abdullah use?"

4. Listen to the song Grass By the House

It is customary to see a crew off to their spacecraft with the song Grass By the House. In 2009 the Russian Space Agency, Roscosmos, even designated it as the anthem of the Russian space program. This song is about cosmonauts who look out at the distant Earth through a portal window and dream not of space or the din of the cosmodrome, but of the green grass outside their house. It's now the favorite tune of everyone who goes into space. "There are different performings of the song, but I've always asked for the one recorded by Igor Romanov. I think the song was transformed when the band, Zemlyane, started performing it," said Yurchikhin.

5. Get a kick in the pants

Yes, literally. When the crew dressed in their spacesuits are going up the steps to the rocket elevator three people accompany them: The rocket's chief designer, the head of the technical group and the head of Roscosmos. One of these men is expected to give them a slight but noticeable prod with his knee in the backside for a successful launch.

6. Pee on the wheel of the bus that takes the cosmonauts to the launch pad

According to legend, this peculiar ritual goes back to Gagarin, who decided to relieve himself before the flight just to be on the safe side. He knew that his spacesuit would soon be zipped and the next chance for a pee would only be in several hours. Cosmonauts are highly cultured people and didn't want to talk much about this custom when we asked them. Only in one interview cosmonaut Maksim Surayev mentioned that there is a "ritual stop on the way to the rocket."

7. Paint the rocket white

Alexander Misurkin jokes that the most important tradition is for the back-up crew to paint the rocket that will take the main crew into space. "When we arrived at Baikonur for the first time we noticed that two days previously, when the rocket had been moved to the launch pad, its color was green or grey. And now, before the launch, it was white. We were asked, “do you know why?”, and were told it was because the stand-ins repaint the rocket for the main crew!" Misurkin, however, pointed out there's a simple scientific explanation. The rocket is filled with supercooled oxidizer and fuel, so a thin crust of ice forms on the outside. That's why the rocket turns white.

8. Take a friend on board

Yurchikhin talked about his personal tradition of taking a friend in the form of a toy dog on board. "It is neither a mascot nor an amulet," the cosmonaut says, but it "took the most active part" in his flights. The little dog served as an indicator of weightlessness - the cosmonauts would tie it to the end of a string to see whether or not they were in zero gravity.

"I had this small toy with me on all my five flights, and we even climbed Mount Elbrus together," Yurchikhin said.

9. Sharing meals at the space station

During the long months on the International Space Station cosmonauts often miss home, and this is why spending time together is very important, even for an international crew. "I wouldn't call it a tradition but once, or even twice a week, without fail, we get together to share a full dinner and watch a film," said Misurkin.

10. Baikonur Cosmodrome is closed on Oct. 24

This date is considered to be unlucky for the cosmodrome. Twice in two separate years, dozens of people were killed in accidents at Baikonur on this date: In 1960, an R-16 ICBM launch vehicle exploded; and in 1963, an R-9A missile caught fire. This is why work at the cosmodrome stops that day, and no launches are made.